Cheaper by the Dozen tells the story of the Gilbreth family, based on the true story of their father, a renowned efficiency expert who tries to apply his principles to managing their twelve children. The play is narrated by two of the Gilbreth children, Anne and Ernestine, and explores the family's humorous and heart-warming experiences while also revealing the father's secret heart condition and its impact on his relationship with Anne. The play highlights the balance between the father's pursuit of efficiency and the family's need for love and understanding.